The matter of the education of the youth received early and liberal attention from the settlers of Old Howard County. No sooner were there sufficient children within easy distance of each other than there were means provided for their instruction. Districts became organized as the necessities required so that as early as October 1872, there were 118 organized districts in the county, 113 schools, and 1,069 students enrolled.
Howard County was divided in 1875. The north half was called Elk County, and the south half was called Chautauqua County. All records of school districts within the boundaries of Elk County were transferred to Elk County to be kept by the County Superintendent. In 1879, Elk County alone numbered 74 organized school districts with an enrollment of 2,181, requiring the employment of 88 teachers.
In 1882, the report of the County Superintendent stated that the number of school-age children was 4,150. Of these, 2,025 were male, and 2,125 were female. There were 75 schoolhouses in the county, and four districts had no schoolhouses. The county had three grade schools: Longton, Grenola, and Howard City. There were 82 certificates issued during the last school year.
The endeavor of the citizens of the county to add to the efficiency of the schools is zealous and unremitting. Greater care is now being taken, year after year, to have none but competent teachers employed, and incompetent men are now excluded from the office of County Superintendent, the aim being to elect only such as are properly qualified for the discharge of this, the most important of official positions. The standard for the qualification of teachers is being gradually promoted, with County Institutes being held annually for the drill and preparation of teachers in the latest and most improved methods of school work.
In 1908, when Fletcher Biddinger was county superintendent, the courthouse at Howard was destroyed by fire, and most of the county records were burned. For this reason, some records are unavailable.
Today, there are only two school districts in Elk County – Elk Valley USD 283, headquartered in Longton, Kansas, and West Elk USD 282, headquartered in Howard, Kansas, includes the communities of Elk Falls, Howard, Moline, Severy, and nearby rural areas.
Name | District | Years of Operation | Location & Information |
Busby | 8 | 1873-?? |
Dating before 1877, this school preceded the town of Busby. The building also served as a community center. The stone school has an outhouse and merry-go-round. Busby was located about 12 miles east of Howard on 23 Road. The school is on Limestone Road. |
Elk Falls Gym | 15 | ?? |
Though an old High School no longer stands in Elk Falls, Kansas, its gymnasium remains. |
Fairview | ? | 1900?-?? |
This gable-front wood frame rectangular building is located at 1547 Road 17, Howard, Kansas. |
Independent | 73 | 1882-1946 |
The small towns of Canola and Greenfield in Greenfield Township combined with Grenola, Kansas, after the railroad arrived in 1879. The school opened on January 1, 1882. The rectangular wood-frame building now serves as a museum operated by the Grenola Historical Society. Independent School is located on South Walnut Street in Grenola, Kansas. |
Lower Paw Paw | 6 | 1906-1950 |
The Lower Paw Paw one-room school is a Vernacular-style T-shaped wood-frame building. It is located at 1336 Quail Road, at the intersection with Road 14 north of Howard, Kansas. |
Oak Valley | 43 | 1882-?? |
This stone schoolhouse, a gable-front wood-frame entry vestibule, is located on Union Road, also called Road 29A. |
Pleasant Valley | 127 | 1900-?? |
This school was initially located on Road 8 in Chautauqua County, about eight miles south of Grenola. Today, it is located at 109 Railroad Avenue at the Grenola Museum, Grenola, Kansas. It contains the original furnishings of a one-room school, including wooden desks, a blackboard, old maps, and a potbelly stove. |
Prairie/Gem | 26 | 1879-1944 |
This one-room schoolhouse originally stood two miles west of Elk Falls. It was moved to Elk Falls in 2001 and now functions as a museum. |
Upper Paw Paw | 107 | 1886-1964 |
Upper Paw Paw was a one-room country school located in the northern part of Elk County, Kansas. On November 29, 1872, Henry E. Hubbell, a voter of Paw Paw Township, visited the office of County Superintendent Mr. A. Ellis to request that a school district be organized in the northern part of Paw Paw Township. On December 9, 1872, a meeting was held at Hubbell’s home, and the organization was planned, boundaries were set, and the district was organized. This one-story wood frame vernacular-style building has a gable roof. From Severy, Kansas, it was located three miles west and two and one-half miles south on the east side of the road. From Howard, Kansas, it was six miles north on Highway 99 to the Cresco Cemetery, two miles west and one and one-half miles north. It is at 2072 14 Road. |
Union Center | 2 | ?? |
The Union Center one-room school originally stood six miles northwest of Howard. It was moved to a site on North Wabash Street in Howard, Kansas. |
Union Valley | 1924-?? |
This one-story rectangular school was designed in the vernacular style with a gable-on-hip roof and a square entry tower at the northwest corner. It is located at 2301 Quail Road, northeast of Howard. |
Elk County Historic School Districts
School | District | Post Office | School | District | Post Office | |
Antioch | 110 | Howard | Independence | 133 | Piedmont | |
Baner | 3 | Howard | Independent | 73 | Grenola | |
Border | 141 | Longton | Latham | 50 | Latham | |
Boston | 18 | Moline | Lima | 70 | Howard | |
Bellview | 37 | Moline | Lone Star | 29 | Longton | |
Bunker Hill | 49 | Howard | Longton | 11 | Longton | |
Busby | 8 | Howard | Lower Paw Paw | 6 | Howard | |
Canola | 22 | Grenola | Marion | 11 | Longton | |
Cave Springs | 67 | Fall River | Merry Bell | 136 | Howard | |
Cedar Summit | 35 | Howard | Moline | 7 | Moline | |
Chaplin | 145 | Moline | Moline | 144 | Moline | |
Clear Creek | 1 | Howard | Mound Branch | 105 | Moline | |
Clear Creek | 13 | Longton | North Pole | 150 | Fall River | |
Cove | 34 | Longton | Oak Ridge | 81 | Longton | |
Cresco | 148 | Howard | Oak Ridge | 68A | Longton | |
Dinger | 20 | Grenola | Oak Valley | 45 | Oak Valley | |
Elk Falls | 15 | Elk Falls | Ohio | 10 | Longton | |
Elk Valley | 12 | Longton | Pearl | 154 | Piedmont | |
Elk Valley | 118 | Piedmont | Pleasant Hill | 19 | Howard | |
Excelsior | 117 | Howard | Pleasant Hill | 63 | Moline | |
Fairview | 78 | Grenola | Pleasant Hill | 36 | Elk City | |
Fairview | 4 | Howard | Pleasant Hill | 149 | Howard | |
Fairview | 16 | Howard | Pleasant Plains | 68B | Severy | |
Fall River | 66 | Rule | Pleasant Valley | 65 | Fall River | |
Forest | 134 | Howard | Prairie Gem | 26 | Elk Falls | |
Frog Hollow | 119 | Longton | Rock Creek | 77 | Howard | |
Greenfield | 21 | Grenola | Rural Vale | 112 | Howard | |
Green Valley | 106 | Severy | Star | 139 | Moline | |
Grace Hill | 33 | Severy | Star | 28 | Piedmont | |
Grenola | 27 | Grenola | Stone | 14 | Elk Falls | |
Hard Pan | 142 | Grenola | Stony Point | 115 | Howard | |
Harmony | 17 | Moline | Union Center | 2 | Howard | |
Hartford | 9 | Longton | Upper Paw Paw | 107 | Howard | |
Hickory Creek | 41 | Oak Valley | Victor | 64 | Fall River | |
Hide Out | 32 | Fall River | Victory | 109 | Piedmont | |
High Hill | 147 | Howard | Viola | 40 | Elk City | |
Highland | 24 | Howard | Wild Cat | 76 | Moline | |
Howard | 5 | Howard | Wilson | 160 | Moline | |
Illinois | 161 | Longton |
©Kathy Alexander/Legends of Kansas, December 2023.
Also See:
Elk County, Kansas
One-Room, Country, & Historic Schools of Kansas
Sources:
Blackmar, Frank W.; Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Vol I; Standard Publishing Company, Chicago, IL 1912.
Cutler, William G; History of Kansas; A. T. Andreas, Chicago, IL, 1883.
Genealogy Trails
Kansas Historic Resources Inventory